1.5.6.1 Сводные таблицы и характерные ошибки
Приведены сводные таблицы образования Past Perfect Continuous в английском языке и кратко обсуждаются характерные ошибки, допускаемые в Past Perfect Continuous студентами, изучающими английский язык.
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Суммируем сказанное в таблицах.
Т1.1 Спряжение глагола to have.
I |
Had |
We |
Had |
You |
Had |
He |
Had |
She |
Had |
It |
Had |
They |
Had |
Т1.2 Утвердительные предложения
Подлежащее |
Вспомогательный глагол |
значащий глагол |
дополнение |
обстоятельство |
I |
had |
been living |
|
in London. |
We |
had |
been playing |
tennis |
for hours. |
You |
had |
been travelling |
|
by bus. |
She |
had |
been living |
|
in London. |
It |
had |
been raining |
|
since Sunday. |
He |
had |
been writing |
a book |
since morning. |
They |
had |
been making |
bread |
for two hours. |
T2.1 Вопросительные предложения - общий вопрос
Вспомогательный глагол |
Подлежащее |
значащий глагол |
дополнение |
обстоятельство |
Had |
I |
been living |
|
in London? |
Had |
we |
been playing |
tennis |
for hours? |
Had |
you |
been travelling |
|
by bus? |
Had |
she |
been living |
|
in London? |
Had |
it |
been raining |
|
since Sunday? |
Had |
he |
been writing |
a book |
since morning? |
had |
they |
been making |
bread |
for two hours? |
T2.2 Вопросительные предложения - Специальный вопрос
Вопросительное слово |
Вспомогательный глагол |
Подлежащее |
значащий глагол |
дополнение |
обстоятельство |
Where |
had |
I |
been living |
|
in London? |
Why |
had |
we |
been playing |
tennis |
for hours? |
Why |
had |
you |
been travelling |
|
by bus? |
Why |
had |
she |
been living |
|
in London? |
Where |
had |
it |
been raining |
|
since Sunday? |
What |
had |
he |
been writing |
|
since morning? |
Why |
had |
they |
been making |
bread |
for two hours? |
Т3 Отрицательные предложения
Подлежащее |
Вспомогательный глагол+ not* |
значащий глагол |
дополнение |
обстоятельство |
I |
had not |
been living |
|
in London. |
We |
had not |
been playing |
tennis |
for hours. |
You |
had not |
been travelling |
|
by bus. |
She |
had not |
been living |
|
in London. |
It |
had not |
been raining |
|
since Sunday. |
He |
had not |
been writing |
a book |
since morning. |
They |
had not |
been making |
bread |
for two hours. |
* В разговорной речи и неформальном стиле используются краткую форму
hadn’t = had not
4 Характерные ошибки, или на что следует обратить внимание.
О1 Ошибка выбора времени.
Мы подробно обсудим Past Perfect Continuous в сравнении с Past Perfect в разделе 1.5.7, так что в данном разделе мы этот анализ опускаем.
O2. Использование второй или третьей формы глагола.
Такие ошибки в этом времени довольно редки. Наиболее опасной ловушкой является использование третьей формы значащего глагола вместо четвертой, то есть причастия настоящего времени, как это сделано во втором примере ниже. В результате получается форма страдательного залога.
Пример.
He had been wrote a letter. – Неправильно!
He had been written a letter. – Неправильно!
He had been writing a letter. – Это правильно!