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1.5.6.1 Сводные таблицы и характерные ошибки

On 20 Nov, 2011 By Дмитрий Мещеряков 0 Комментарии

Приведены сводные таблицы образования Past Perfect Continuous в английском языке и кратко обсуждаются характерные ошибки, допускаемые в Past Perfect Continuous студентами, изучающими английский язык.
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Суммируем сказанное в таблицах.
Т1.1 Спряжение глагола to have.

I	Had
We	Had
You	Had
He	Had
She	Had
It	Had
They	Had

Т1.2 Утвердительные предложения

Подлежащее	Вспомогательный глагол	значащий глагол	дополнение	обстоятельство
I	had	been living		in London.
We	had	been playing	tennis	for hours.
You	had	been travelling		by bus.
She	had	been living		in London.
It	had	been raining		since Sunday.
He	had	been writing	a book	since morning.
They	had	been making	bread	for two hours.

T2.1 Вопросительные предложения - общий вопрос

Вспомогательный глагол	Подлежащее	значащий глагол	дополнение	обстоятельство
Had	I	been living		in London?
Had	we	been playing	tennis	for hours?
Had	you	been travelling		by bus?
Had	she	been living		in London?
Had	it	been raining		since Sunday?
Had	he	been writing	a book	since morning?
had	they	been making	bread	for two hours?

T2.2 Вопросительные предложения - Специальный вопрос

Вопросительное слово	Вспомогательный глагол	Подлежащее	значащий глагол	дополнение	обстоятельство
Where	had	I	been living		in London?
Why	had	we	been playing	tennis	for hours?
Why	had	you	been travelling		by bus?
Why	had	she	been living		in London?
Where	had	it	been raining		since Sunday?
What	had	he	been writing		since morning?
Why	had	they	been making	bread	for two hours?

Т3 Отрицательные предложения

Подлежащее	Вспомогательный глагол+ not*	значащий глагол	дополнение	обстоятельство
I	had not	been living		in London.
We	had not	been playing	tennis	for hours.
You	had not	been travelling		by bus.
She	had not	been living		in London.
It	had not	been raining		since Sunday.
He	had not	been writing	a book	since morning.
They	had not	been making	bread	for two hours.

* В разговорной речи и неформальном стиле используются краткую форму
hadn’t = had not

4 Характерные ошибки, или на что следует обратить внимание.

О1 Ошибка выбора времени.

Мы подробно обсудим Past Perfect Continuous в сравнении с Past Perfect в разделе 1.5.7, так что в данном разделе мы этот анализ опускаем.

O2. Использование второй или третьей формы глагола.

Такие ошибки в этом времени довольно редки. Наиболее опасной ловушкой является использование третьей формы значащего глагола вместо четвертой, то есть причастия настоящего времени, как это сделано во втором примере ниже. В результате получается форма страдательного залога.

Пример.

He had been wrote a letter. – Неправильно!
He had been written a letter. – Неправильно!
He had been writing a letter. – Это правильно!